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Artigo

Changes in Phenolic Compounds in Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Owing to the Cultivar and Location of Growth

Resumo

Os teores de compostos fenólicos totais, flavonóides e ácidos fenólicos foram determinados em cultivares de alho selecionadas cultivadas em quatro locais. O teor de fenólicos totais variou de 3,4 mg equivalentes de ácido gálico (GAE)/g de matéria seca (MS) a 10,8 mg GAE/g de MS com valor médio de 6,5 mg GAE/g de MS. Os flavonoides miricetina, quercetina, kaempferol e apigenina não foram detectados em nenhuma das amostras. O ácido cafeico e o ácido ferúlico foram os principais ácidos fenólicos encontrados com valores médios de 2,9 mg/kg de MS e 2,6 mg/kg de MS, respectivamente. Os teores médios de ácidos vanílico, p-hidroxibenzóico e p-cumárico foram comparáveis ​​(0,4–0,8 mg/kg de MS), e o nível de ácido sinápico foi insignificante (< 0,1 mg/kg de MS). Houve um efeito significativo de localização, mas um efeito insignificante de genótipo sobre os teores de ácidos cafeico, vanílico, p-hidroxibenzóico e p-cumárico. No entanto, o genótipo, mas não a localização, afetou os teores de fenólicos totais e ácido ferúlico. Em média, as cultivares de alho branco e chinês continham maiores teores de fenólicos totais e ácido ferúlico do que as cultivares de alho roxo. No entanto, as diferenças no teor de fenólicos totais entre as cultivares de alho roxo e branco não foram significativas.



Abstract

The contents of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and phenolic acids were determined in selected garlic cultivars grown at four locations. The total phenolic content varied from 3.4 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g of dry matter (dm) to 10.8 mg GAE/g of dm with a mean value of 6.5 mg GAE/g of dm. The myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol, and apigenin flavonoids were not detected in any of the samples. Caffeic acid and ferulic acid were the major phenolic acids found with mean values of 2.9 mg/kg of dm and 2.6 mg/kg of dm, respectively. The mean contents of vanillic, p-hydroxybenzoic, and p-coumaric acids were comparable (0.4–0.8 mg/kg of dm), and the level of sinapic acid was negligible (< 0.1 mg/kg of dm). There was a significant effect of location but an insignificant effect of genotype on contents of caffeic, vanillic, p-hydroxybenzoic, and p-coumaric acids. However, genotype but not location affected the contents of total phenolics and ferulic acid. On average, the white garlic cultivars and Chinese garlic cultivars contained higher contents of total phenolics and ferulic acid than the purple garlic cultivars. However, the differences in the total phenolic content between the purple and white garlic cultivars were not significant.



Palavras-chave:

Flavonoids, Garlic, Genotype, Location, Phenolic acids, Phenolic compounds

Termos de indexação:

bioensaios

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